Analysis Of Robert Malthus s Old Impact On The...

Caleb Kesinger FYE: Social Science Robert Dean 10/31/16 Malthusianism was a movement that was begun by Robert Malthus in 1789 that had a big impact on the thinking, and teachings of many great geologists, and scientists. All of the men in this paper believe in this idea that population growth is going to grow faster than the growth of food, but they all have different solutions, and thoughts on the matter. Some believe that population is so out of control that we must contain it, and even find ways to drastically slow it down, while others believe that we need things like aggregate demand in order to keep the growing populations employed and not homeless. The first, and possibly the most intense man I am going to talk about is William Vogt. A huge fan of Thomas Malthus and his ideas, Vogt decided to contribute to the Malthusian movement with the writing of the book â€Å" Road to Survival†. This book ended up having a huge impact on the Malthusian upbringing or revival in the 1950s and 1960s.Vogt was a big follower of population c ontrol, and was very concerned about the population growing out of control. He believed that the fast economic growth, along with the quickly growing fertility rates, would destroy the environment, and would eventually lead our society to mass hunger, disease, and even war. He also believed that this population problem would eventually lead to the collapse of human civilization. Vogt even stated that â€Å"the day of judgement is at hand as man’s

The Most Dangerous Place For An African American - 893 Words

The object I will be observing and performing a cultural analysis on is a billboard ad, shown in Soho, Manhattan. It says the most dangerous place for an African American is in the womb†, with a picture of an African American child, as well as the website thatsabortion.com†. Objects and words used in today’s society can have a positive or negative effect on the citizens that view it. At first glance, this billboard is certainly looked at as negative, however upon taking a closer look and analyzing it , it might also be looked at as positive. One thing that is certain is that much of what is see in our everyday lives reveals to us the culture, time, and place that we live in today. This is a billboard, so it is obviously designed to be an enlarged advertisement that will catch a person’s attention when they pass by. Billboards are everywhere in this world, whether it be to get people talking about a certain product, or to send a â€Å"message† to ever yone that sees it. Most of the billboards are set up to be in highly populated areas or areas with a lot of travelers, for example the highway. Of course, this billboard was set up in one of the most popular places a person can think of, Manhattan. As a result, so many people from different races, cultures, and even places will see these advertisements and analyze it the way they want to. Regarding this billboard, probably most people who view it will automatically judge the African Americans and think thatShow MoreRelatedWomen s Unfair Fear By Gill Valentine Essay1483 Words   |  6 PagesThis scary thought has far more effects on women. This mental agony and fear dictates their path and sense of direction. This indeed restricts the places, facilities and the time a woman travels in order to feel and be safe. 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Torts - Egalitarianism And Distributive Justice

Questions: Read James Gordley, Tort Law in the Aristotelian Tradition in David G. Owen, Philosophical Foundations of Tort Law, (Oxford, 1995) 132. Note also that Peter Cane has written that corrective justice provides the structure of tort law within which distributive justice operates. Cane, Distributive Justice in Tort Law, New Zealand Law Review [2001], 401 at 413. Using the above as a starting point, analyse and discuss the relationship(s) between distributive justice and commutative justice in the following cases: Case 1 (Michigan Court of Appeals, USA): Taylor v. Kurapati, 600 N.W.2d 670 (Mich. App. 1999), 236 Mich. App. 315 available at https://www.leagle.com/decision/19991270600NW2d670_11238 Case 2 (High Court of Australia): Harriton v Stephens (2006) 226 ALR 391; [2006] HCA 15 (9 May 2006), available at https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/cases/cth/HCA/2006/15.html? Answers: Introduction: Distributive justice is concern about the distribution of socially allotted goods in a particular society. A society where supplementary disproportion in result does not take place would be well thought-out in a society directed by the doctrine of distributive justice[1]. The perception contains the obtainable number of goods, the procedure by which goods are to be dispersed, and the resultant allotment of the goods among the members of the entire society[2]. Where as a principal of commutative justice specifies that the process by which an individual ought to be treated in a provided category of action as well as transactions. In the concept of commutative justice the right of a person to be treated equally with others in the same class is prescribed . In this context various aspects relating to the distributive justice as well as the commutative justice are going to be discussed, its applicability, relevant measures and other collective essential elements of these two important con cepts with reference to two given case histories. Case 1: Here in the mentioned case, the plaintiff has filed a suit against the defendant who is a physician, on the ground that at the time of pregnancy of his wife, the defendant has tried ultrasound upon the pregnant lady by virtue of that the child took birth with several disabilities. The parents of the child that is the plaintiff filed the suit against the defendant with some sought of emotional aspect and the suit has been dismissed by the Wayne Circuit court, on the ground that in this regard there is no scope for emotional aspects, here the ultrasound was given with the due consent of the concern party, so the defendant cannot be held responsible for that [3]. The plaintiff approached to the appellate court of law. Under that scenario the cause of action arose on the basis of that the physician has not suggested the parents of the child about the possibility of disability at the time of taking birth. The law made in this regard that the woman will be at a liberty to decide her pregna ncy, whether she would like to keep the child in womb or she would like to terminate the pregnancy is totally depends upon the discretion of the concern woman. Here the doctrine of commutative justice came into action. The law prescribed that every woman shall have the liberty to determine her pregnancy, whether the child in her womb shall be aborted or not that also is decided by the woman herself. So, in this case the principal of commutative justice is applicable as to the entire to woman in general throughout the territory of the concern nation[4]. With this regard all the woman possesses a right to terminate her pregnancy. In a collective nature it can be observed that in accordance with the rule of commutative justice the right of the woman shall be consider a general right for all the woman[5]. All of the pregnant woman shall be treated equally as to implementation of their rights. Justice is not eternal; the scope of the doctrines relating to justice may change as per the situation demands[6]. Here the collective rights of the women in general is considered as per the rules of the commutative justice but in future it may be changed but not in suo moto manner it have to be changed in another case decided by the court of law with competent jurisdiction[7]. Case 2: The plaintiff, Alexia Harriton, a 25 years old lady with brutal innate disabilities that had been inflicted by infection of her mother along with therubella virusat the same time as pregnant with her.These disabilities made Harriton not capable to take care of herself. The respondent, Mr. Paul Richard Stephens, was a famous doctor, he was appointed for the treatment of Harriton's mother at the time of her pregnancy. Later than reviewing and conducting pathological investigations, the respondent advised the pregnant lady that she do not have any virus known as rubella virus.The mother of Harriton asserted that she would have like to terminate her pregnancy if it was known to her that her child is going to be disabled. At the time of litigation the plaintiff argued that the doctor has not taken proper care of the pregnant lady and has not examined her properly, for that purpose he was unable to disclose the fact that the child in her womb shall be a disable child. This was the case of wrongful life, but it has occurred due to the negligence from the part of the concern doctor. Justice Studdert has dismissed two out of three cases relating to wrongful life cases pending in front of him this case was also one of them; thereafter the plaintiff approached the appellate court of New South Wales. The court of law dismissed the appeal with two third majorities. In accordance with the statement of the Chief JusticeJames Spigelman, the suggestion that the responsibility of a doctor to an unborn baby extensive to carry out that, correctly completed, would show the way to the annihilation of the pregnancy "be supposed to not be acknowledged as it does not replicate principles usually, or still widely, considered in the population." [8]. Here in this case the principal laid down by the doctrine of distributive justice comes into action. The doctrine specifies that proper distribution of goods among the members of the society. In this case the goods does not signify any product or any commodity, here it signifies the right of the concern people. The right of the pregnant woman that is the mother of Harriton, she had the right to know about the disabilities of the child in her womb but that right has been infringed by the doctor. In general, the rights which are going to be distributed among all the women in the society, after settling down the subject matter in dispute. The right that shall be adjudicated by the court of law with competent jurisdiction shall bind all other inferior courts as to its applicability[9]. In this regard the doctrine of commutative justice is also applicable to a certain extend in the course of the litigation procedure. In this case commutative justice does not mean the actual way of treating a woman in the course of her treatment in pregnancy period. Regardless it deals with rights of a woman in the course of her pregnancy while having treatment from a recognize doctor. Conclusion: After the above discussion it can be summarized that every time the doctrine may not be applicable as to its literal meaning, in some cases it is implied in nature. In these two mentioned cases, the major concern is the rights of the women which have been infringed. All the term shall be meaningful to its grammatical or literal meaning is not correct, in this case both the doctrine of distributive justice as well as commutative justice is applicable in an implied manner. If anyone would like see the implementation of the actual literal meaning of those doctrines then it would be next to impossible as in this case the doctrine is applicable upon the right of the pregnant woman not upon any goods or commodities[10]. Reference [1] Tsachi Keren-Paz, Torts, Egalitarianism And Distributive Justice (Ashgate, 2007).[2] Julian Lamont, Distributive Justice (Ashgate, 2012).[3] Hans-W Micklitz, The Many Concepts Of Social Justice In European Private Law (Edward Elgar, 2011).[4] Theo Papaioannou, Reading Hayek In The 21St Century (Palgrave Macmillan, 2012).[5] Carl Knight and Zofia Stemplowska, Responsibility And Distributive Justice (Oxford University Press, 2011).[6] Damien Conus, Commutative Justice (2001).[7] Thomas F McMahon, Ethical Leadership Through Transforming Justice (University Press of America, Inc., 2004).[8] Eric Laws, B Prideaux and K. S Chon, Crisis Management In Tourism (CABI, 2007).[9] Prue Vines, Law Justice In Australia (Oxford University Press, 2005).[10] Ellie Vasta and Stephen Castles, The Teeth Are Smiling (Allen Unwin, 1996).

Always outnumbered free essay sample

Always outnumbered, Always outgunned focuses on the life and experiences of a black ex-convict who in the daily dealings tries to redeem himself, in the eyes of society and himself. Divided in to various short stories, the reader follows the life and experiences of the protagonist, Socrates Fortlow.The chief protagonist is an ex-convict, who has had a turbulent and disturbing past whereby he had been involved in murder and other crimes, both in and out of jail. However, after he is discharged he seeks to reform and contribute effectively to the society. However, his stature as an ex-convict gives birth to hindrances for his motive of reforming and redeeming himself.The novel highlights the sufferings of the black community in a deeply racist and classical America; the protagonist, Socrates as his name implies has its stature raised to that of a deep thinker, a philosopher. In his journey the reader finds the intellectual growth of the hero who is giving his utmost to seek a decent life for himself. We will write a custom essay sample on Always outnumbered or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page To undo the past injuries he has inflicted and to reform himself. In Socrates the readers would find some one to refer to for the difficulties he faces in redeeming himself stand symbolic for the difficulties the black community in America felt, in the 1990s.The turning point in Socrates life is his visit to the Capricorn bookstore, whereby he learns that life is not without a purpose, that we are alive because we have to contribute in some way or the other. That, we can be good despite being deviant. That life is about learning and reforming, not singing the same rough tune forever.This is the lesson of life that ex-convict Socrates learns and what makes him turn over a new leaf. He promised to stay inclined towards doing good to everyone and abstaining from letting his anger mould his actions, in an environment where his existence is undermined politically, socially and even economically.However, the racist society made it difficult for a black man to redeem himself for a stereotypical image was associated with them. One in which the rights of the blacks were undermined by the power of the whites. This racist environment made it arduous for him to control his temper and also raised difficulties for him to prevent himself for getting incarcerated again, for his existence as a human being was out rightly denied by the masses. As Socrates refers to in the book, â€Å"because the rules say a black man can’t have nothing† (Walter, 163).Socrates strives to stay pragmatic and avoid all emotional repercussions. His relationship with Darryl, a small boy who has the same tendencies as Socrates, paves way for Socrates to abstain someone else from treadin g the rocky path he had in his past. He serves not only as Darryl’s father figure but also as a friend. He differentiates the correct from Ferroneous for him. Staying firm with the boy, he tries to teach him the rules of life. And in return for that he acquires Darryl’s respect. He redeems himself in the eyes of a boy who knows the story of his life.Who accepts him for who he is and applauds him for his change. Socrates inculcates in Darryl the freedom to be himself and face his enemies despite the fact that he’ll â€Å"be always outnumbered, always outgunned† (Walter ,131). Not only that, but Socrates also serves as a helping hand for his former nemesis, Roland who is plagued by cancer, by showing his respect for humanity. By contrasting this respect and care that Socrates shows with that of the past where he had committed blasphemous crimes, in the eyes of the reader Socrates is enroute to seeking redemption for his past sins.However, the very assessment falls short as depicted in the chapter, â€Å"Letters to Theresa† where Socrates seeks to reconcile with his past, by attempting to apologize to his former girlfriend. However, the news of her death proves against the motive of his present life: redemption. However, the society racist behavior overshadows all his attempts at redeeming himself and fighting the volcano of rage that presides within him.For example, in equal opportunity he comes face to face with the prudish standards of society whereby he seeks employment in a store. Not only is he disrespected on the basis of his creed and color by the manager and assistant manager, but is also faced with hostility sprung on the basis of the stereotypical character the society has attributed to the black community: violent and undeserving. Therefore, by a close analysis of the book in accordance with the historical, political, social and economical structures represented it is safe to assert that the character of Socrates Fortlow is a symbol of the entire black community of America who suffers the same dilemma and the same injustices- at work and at play. The African community has been associated with a label of being convicts due to which they face difficulties in everyday dealings. Injustice plagues their life.This is what the reader is made acquainted to throughout the course of the book. In each of the 14 chapters, a new side of Socrates intellect is shown, where he thinks; he tries to undermine his violent self; he tries to contribute effectively to the society, to the people he comes across in his everyday dealings. He tries to make up for his bloody past actions through reforming himself in to a person devoid of all violence. He tries to learn to be patient in a world where he will be treated harshly. He tries to forgive and forget the insolent behavior people have towards him.He tries to soothe down in a world where legally his race is undermined. In such a world he tries to redeem himself. In the eyes of some he succeeds. In the eyes of the society he will always be an outcast.A person who no matter what he does can never truly attain redemption for his sins. People might think that he can not undo all the injuries he inflicted in the past but for the reader, the progression of Socrates character throughout the course of the book invokes pity for this character, in short in the eyes of the reader , Socrates has achieve redemption even though He states that Christians believe in redemption, thats true. But usually you have to die in order tget it. Marvane Street, pg 90. For him, redemption is in the hands of the divine lord and his efforts will bear no fruit in this racist world.References:Walter, M 1998, â€Å"Always Outnumbered, Always Outgunned† Published by W.W. Norton. Pages 131 And 163